Zanniat Thuanthu/Tluanthu

(Zanniat History)

(He laai heh khangthar te ca siar baai tuhin Lumbang khua upa Zanniat hin Lal Sum le Sumthang hin Khuang Cuai te fapa upa ber Za Thluai in nganhnak Lumbang Ram Mawi le Zanniat Tluan Thu Te song an langhnak i. – Tawlreltu te)

Chin le Kachin:

Hlanlai ah Mongolia ram (tun ai China ram) an Siang Hrok Sik heh Kawlram (Burma) ah hleng i. Fapa 2, Chin le Kachin nai i. Ram pha si ruai maanin Chin le Kachin heh Irrawaddy tipui hluun ai Chindwin tipui tawk i. He hmun ah Chin in Chindwin tihnar lam hong zianzo ai, Kachin in Irrawaddy tihnar lam hlun zianzo i. Hetin Chin le Kachin unau te khek dun pan ai, tunnia tian Kachin te in inn sa lekhaw “I u Chin tlung leh tuh i..” tiin inn song ah khaan 1 bawn sah cia hlen i. (Kachin te lakah hetih bang ai a u Chin ca inn khaan bawntu heh Jingphaw hin te i.)

Chin in Mawlaik hmun hleng ai, hetan nitlak lam ram (tun ai Naga te umhmun) lam ah feh i. Nitlak lam ah Naga raal um maanin let leh ai, Vingpui hmun ah hleng i. Vingpui hmun heh Kalaymyo i, ukkhee thawn kulh lianghnak khuapui i. Vingpui ah dawngkham pui 4 um i.

Heteng fangin Manipur le Kawl te do dun teng i. Manipur te in Kawl te sim thun leh ai, Vingpui tian sim i. Hetin Vingpui ai um te khiah a khua ai dawngkham 4 an raaltlan sek awng i.

Sihzang miphun:

Vingpui an raaltlaan te lak song ah pawl 1 tu Tulsuk lam ah tlaan ai, Sihzang miphun ah cang i.

Vingpui an raaltlaan te lak song an pawl 1 tu Natchawng lam tlaan i. Natchawng ai raaltlaan te khai pawl 2 ah ah khen i. He pawl 2 song ah pawl 1 tu Kauka hmun ah relh ai a dang pawl 1 tu Kanpalet ram lam ah hleng ai Rakhaing ram lam ah tlaan i.

Laitlang ah Zanniat:

Vingpui an raaltlaan te song ai mi 1 Zanniat in raaltlaan te konghoi ai, tlangram (Laitlang) lam kaai tlang i. Laitlang ai Cawmpi hmun ah hleng ai, he hmun heh Locom khua tiin ko i.

Locom khua ah Zanniat in fapa 2; Phurh Hlum le Thuan Kai, nai i. Thuan Kai heh Sim-Zahau te papui ber i. Zanniat te in Sim-Zahau te heh Pawi tiin ko i.

Zanniat fapa Phurh Hlum in fapa 4; 1) Sum Thang, 2) Laizo, 3) Zanniat, le 4) Nuhnua te nai i. Phurh Hlum fate khiah zaai tete ai, Laitlang ah khua tam ngai din ai, a papui ber Zanniat hai tuh loin a fate umhmun khuaram khiah Zanniat Ram tiin ko i. He dung heh 1600 AD kum dung i.

Zanniat Khuaram Dingdaan le Phalaam Raal

(Phalaam heh hnawta ah Falam tiin ko ai, Taisun/Tlaisun (Tashon) miphun te i.)

Congkua khua:

Zanniat Ram ah Zanniat miphun tam tete ai, khua tam ngai ding te lak song ah Congkua heh khuapui ber i awng i. Hetik fangin Congkua ah inn 600 vum awng i. Phalaam te in Congkua khua khiah “Van ai Arsi zah” tiin rel de i.

Khualei Tlangriat:

Phalaam raal in Congkua khua heh sim ai, Congkua an Zanniat  miphun te raaltlaan sek i. Hetin Congkua khua a hnawm hnua 1700 AD kum dung ah raaltlaan te in khua thar te din leh ai, khua thar te lak song ah khua 8 te khiah Khualei Tlangriat tiin ko i.

Khualei Tlangriat song ah; 1) Khualei, 2) Lumbang, 3) Zultu, 4) Khuatluk, 5) Zawl Hlang, 6) Tlukkhan, 7) Khanram, leh 8)  Hlimhlang khua te tel i.

Khualei Tlangriat paai thu:

Zanniat Ram song ai Lunghawh khua ai Nai Thang in darkhuang nai ai, Khualei mi thawn he darkhuang zuarhlawh tuhin lungkhim tlang awng i. Khualei pa in darkhua khiah sel 8 thawn thul/thleng ngah i. A ngahhnak sel 8 khiah a zahvek in sem dun tuhin Lunghawh mi Nai Thang in ngen fangin Khualei mi in lungkhim lo ai Nai Thang heh kuthman tuar i. Nai Thang in hnawta ah thu nai leh tuh lau maanin Khualei te in Phalaam raal te sawm i.

Hetin Phalaam te in Lunghawh khua sim tuhin kawi ai he thu za maanin Lunghawh te raaltlaan sek i. Lunghawh khua ah Phalaam te in thilri le minung tawk lo ai Selpui pum raang 1 tawk ai, pom i.

Heteng heh fur lak i ai, Phalaam te in Selpui khiah Khualei te hnen ah hlum i. Selpui in fa nai lekhaw Khualei te in Phalaam te hnen ah pe tio tuh ai, Selpui tu Khualai te in nai tuhin thu hlum i. Zanniat daan ah tu Selpui khiah Phalaam te in nai tuh ai, Sel niu heh Khualei te in nai tuhhnak sawn i. Ciamaanin Khualei te in Selpui in fa nai lekhaw Hibawlhnak ah hmang de ai, Phalaam te in Sel niu lang tuhin kawi fangin sel hoi pha tawk de lo i. Hetin Phalaam te khai Khualei te vum ah aang lo pan i.

Vaikhat tu Phalaam te in Khualei ah Sel phing thin kawi fangin lamkhong ah Khualei mi naupang farah 2 tawk ai reek i. Cia thu za fangin Khualei te in hnawh ve napui Phalaam raal te in Ruun tipui tan man maanin let leh awng i. Hetin Zanniat miphun te le Phalaam raal te heh rem dun pan lo ai, Khualei te in Phalaam mi 80 (mi te in ling ve dan tu 8 i) reek ai Phalaam te in khai phu zuul ve ai, Khualei mi 80 reek awng i. Cia hnua ah Phalaam raal mi 4 te in Khualei khua sim ai naupang 2 reek i. Phalaam raal te khiah Khualei ah zukham in it bial teng fangin naupang innsang nu (Zul Det) in lo reek ve i.

1810 AD kum dung ah Phalaam raal te in Zokhua, Chuncung, Hahulh le Khuangli khau te sawm ai Khualei khua sim tum i. Hahluh le Khuangli te in “Kin unau te i maanin sim tuh lo i ing” tiin eel ai tel lo i. Hetin Phalaam, Zokhua le Chuncung khua te in Khualei sim tuhin feh i. Cia thu za fangin Khualei te lau ai tlaan sek i. Phalaam raal hleng fangin Zanniat miphun te tawk lo ai, Khualei khua ai thilri le ram sut sek i. Khualei Tlangriat song tel khua te khai inn le lo, sum le thilri veksen in sut i. Cia nia pah Khulei Tlangriat heh Phalaam kut hnia ah um i.

Phalaam raal hnia ah Zanniat te in kum siar inn khat in Faangci kheng 1 le Phiang kheeng 1 heh Phalaam Miuk hnen ah Siah phur tio i. Kum siar khua 1 in khuadom Vok 1 pe tio i. Innsang ah innteek pa thi lekhaw a naihnak rothil veksen hmuah khiah Phalaam te in ping sak de ai, Lukhawng tiin ko i. Phalaam te in Lukhawng lang fangin in thilri ah lungkhim lo lekhaw a thihnak Zanniat innteek pa ai faate khiah Sal ah pom ai, Phalaam ah hoi de i.

1899 AD kum ai pah Mirang (English) te in Zanniat Ram lo uk i. 1894-1908 AD kum tian Zanniat Ram heh Naih Vum (1863-1908 AD) in uk ai, 1908-1914 AD kum heh Khuang Bik (1865-1955) in uk i. Hetin Zanniat miphun te heh Phalaam le Mirang hnen ah tawng in thu reel hngeuh hngo i. 1906 AD ah Zanniat te Phalaam hnen ah pe tio de hnak Lukhawng luat ai, 1910 AD ah Siah luat i.

Zanniat Ram ah khua dingdaan le hmun dang ah vaai daan

1)      Lumbang khua: Phinnim hin Thiam Sawn heh Khuang Khuam hmun ah khua been i. Raal um tio maanin Khuang Khuam an Vokekzawl hmun (Suangpalu tlang hnia) ah thawn i. Vokekzawl ah umhmun nuam deuh lo maanin Hlimzawl ah been i. Hlimzawl hmun heh ni zil baai, hlivua zuang tam, khuasik thawn thosem tam ze maanin raalkhat ah thawn ai Lumbang khua to i. (laaibu song ai lin thil daan bangin nganhnak i)

2)      Kuangli le Sim ram ah: 1810 AD kum dung ah Laizo hin Bawi Lian fa Kap Hluan le a nupui Kip Ber te khiah Khuangli ram ah vaai ai, cetan nu Kip Ber le a faate tu Sim ram ah vaai i.

1810 AD dung ah Sumthang hin Hnun Hlum fa Thang Hlim le a faate khiah Sim ram ah khua to i.

3)      Zultu khua: 1850 AD dung ah Laizo hin Dar Thang heh Zultu ah khuato i.

4)      Lati khua: 1860 Ad kum dung ah Zanniat hin Hlawn Khup heh Lati khua te in Phalaam raal lakah kilkhawltu tuhin Laiti ah Khuabawi per tuhiin sawm ai, Lati ah um i.

5)      Parte khua: 1970 AD kum dung ah Parte khua te in Zanniat hin Ngun Lang heh Phaalaam raal lak ah humhimtu tuhin sawm ai, Parte ah Khuabawi per i.

6)      Maikaang khua: 1896 AD kum dung ah Sumthang fa Khuang Bik le Laizo fa Khum Cong te in Maikaang ah khua saat i. Hetah inn sau pui sa ai um tlang napui, Phalaam raal in mai taai sah maanin Maikaang tiin ko i.

7)      Zalang khua: Maikaang khua ai Laizo fa Khum Cong heh Zalang ah khua saat i.

8)      Khumzing khua: Laizo fa Do Hluan ai fa Sing Thang in Khumzing khua saat i.

9)      Kawl ah le Tlorzan khua: 1890 AD dung ah Sumthang fa Bawi Hlum heh Lumbang khua an Kawl ah vaai ai, Kawl an Tlorzan ah hong leh i.

10)  Tlorzan khua: 1890 AD dung ah Zanniat hin Tlang Sawn heh Tlorzan ah khua to i.

11)  Khuazawl/Khitam: 1895 AD dung ah Zanniat hin ai Lut Hluan heh Khuazawl khuato ai Phunnim te in been i. Lumbang khua ai Sazuat te khai Khuazawl/Khitam ah khua to ve i. Phunnim te in been ve i.

12)  Kimniang khua: Sazuat te in Kimniang ah khuato i. ( fiang lo)

13)  Khotlan khua: Phunnim te in khuatohnak i.

14)  Zultu khua: Sumthang fa Kim Zul ai fa Cung Sawn heh Lumbang khua an Zultu ah khua to i. 1890 AD dung ah Zanniat hin Thah Bawi fapa Za Thang heh “Loram pha deuh vaai thei” tiin Zultu  khua been i.

(Zanniat Ram song ah khuato daan thuanthu tu hnawta ah beet leh tuh i. – Tawlreltu te)

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Lunghawh: Lunghawh tihnak he mi 1 hming i. Hnawta ah khua hming ah cang i. Lunghawh pa heh Za Thang i. Za Thang pa tu Bocung i. Bocung heh Hualngo (Lushai) miphun te i.

Tunhlan ah Lunghawh ai Dar Thang le Khualei mi te khiah Dar Thang ai darkhuang thula Khualai mi in sel 8 thawn mi hnen ah thleng ngah hnak heh a hrek (sel 4) khiah Dar Thang hnen ah pe tuh heh thubuai suak ai, Khualei te in Lunghawh te khiah Phalaam te in thu khan sah tuhin ruai awng i. Cetin Phalaam te in Lunghawh sim tuhin kawi ai, Lunghawh te khiah lau maanin tlan sek i. Cia lak song ah Lunghawh mi 2 tu faang dahhnak been pui songah relh i. Phalaam raal te in tawk thotho maanin Farkhawm khua lam ah tlaan i.

Farkhawm ah Lunghawh raaltlaan 2 te hleng fangin puai bawn teng i. Phalaam te in man ngah ai, kulh liang i. Lungawh mi 2 te in amah te thi hlan ah a hnawta ber laaam siang sah tuhin ngen ai, Phalaam te in lungkhim i.

Cetin he Lunghawh raaltlaan 2 te heh khaang dawh hmun ah tlanglaam ve i. Hetin laa thawn laam i:

“Teng Hlawn, Hlawn Teng te inn ah,

Khi le Tai san hmu ta ing;

Zuut vuangvo ngang ti ingkhaw,

Mi Naih Cung te inn ah.” tiin laa in sa ai laam i.

Cetin laa sa kongin tlanglaam teng ah Lungawh pa 1 tu khaang an dawk le tlaan teu i. Cia teng ah pakhat sawn khai sak lam ah tlaan teu i. Cetin a pahnih in tlaan kawm ai Hmunli khua ah hleng i.

Phalaam te in hnawh kongin Hmunli khua ah hleng i. Hmunli ai inn 1 ah relh ai, cia inn naitu nu in Lunghawh raaltlaan te khiah ninghio ai tii lo tluh i. Cia teng fangin Phalaam te in inn ah pom ngah i. Inn naitu Hmunli nu in amah te tii ding zo maanin “Kinmah minung i” tiiin reek tuh loin ninghio ngen i. Ciamaanin Phalaam te in Lunghawh raaltlaan 2 te khiah Phalaam khua ah Sal ah hoi i. Kum zaimaw zat Phalaam te sal ah um hnua fangin Rallawn khuah he Lunghawh sal 2 heh zuak leh i. He khua ah rai thah um hnua fangin Sal an luat tuhin ngen i. Sal an luat tuhin Sel cang bunghang pakhat thawn tlan tuhin reel ai, Lunghawh khua te in harsa ngaiin si sah ai Phalaam te pe i. Hetin Lunghawh mi sal 2 heh Phalaam Sal an luat leh i.

Lunghawh khua ah he Lungawh mi sal 2 let leh fangin he khua heh Khualei Tlangriat an raaltlaan te in khua thar din leh zo i. (hualei Tlangriat song ai Tlukhan, Kanram le Hlimhlang khua te khiah Lunghawh te i. Fiang lo)

Lunghawh raaltlaan 2 te ai laamhnak laa khiah Zanniat te in hetin sa de i.

“Fing khin tel san na beet hmun,

Zuut vuangvo ngang, i nu in”

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Beirek hin: Ngawn pon ah Deirek tiin ko i. Ngawn ram ai Bualkhua khua an Lumbang khua ai Phunnim hin te lo been awng ai, cetin Zanniat ah umtlang i.

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Zanniat Ram Miuk Lian Awng:

1810 AD kum dung ah Phalaam raal in Khualei Tlangriat sim fangin Lian Awng heh Kawl ah tlaan ai Munglung um ai Khuang vei khat cawng i. Kawl ah a fate thi sek ai, a fanu Rah Khawm thawn taang i. Cetin harsa ze maanin 1860 kum dung ah Laitlang ah let leh i. Locom khua ah hla 1 um ai hetan Lumbang khua ah been leh i. Lumbang ah Kip Hluan fanu Khuang Siah nu ai, fate khai nai i. Lumbang ah vei 2 Khuangcawi leh i.

He teng fangin Mirang (English) te heh Zongkong le Zawlnu khua ah hleng ai Laimi khua upa te ko i. Pon thiam um lo maanin Mirang te le Laimi te pon dun thil lo i.

Cia teng ah Ngawn ram heh Mirang te in uk ai In-raal khua upa Tha Khup khiah Miuk ca dah i. Cia teng ai khuabawi te tu; Za Neng (Vazang khua), En Kam (Sihti khua), Thang Thang (Zawlnu khua), le Cuang Lian (Sialsih khua). Mirang te in Valung ah ralkap umhmun sa ai Bamboo Camp tiin ko i.

Cia teng ah Vazang khuabawi Za Neng in maithal nai ai Mirang te aap nuam lo maanin Mirang te thin khim lo i. Cetin Mirang te in miuk le khuabawi te ko liang le thu zawt fangin pong ling dun lo maanin pon dun thil lo i. Za Neng khiah Mirang te in a hol porh ah vit dek awmg i.

Ciamaan Ngawn te reel tlang a Bualkhua le Thutmul khua up ate thawn Mirang te tawk ngam lo ai relh sio i. Mirang te in ko de napui mawi feh de lo i. Heteng fangin Lumbang khua ai Lian Awng heh Lumbang hnatuan per ai Mirang te hnen ah feh le thu rel sah sio i. Cia pah Lumbang khua ai Lian Awng heh miuk per tuhin Ngawn le Bualkhua te reel tlang i. Cetin Vazang, Sihti, Zawlnu, le Sialsih khua te in innkhi 1 in faang vawh 1 teen khon ai Lumbang khua ai Lian Awng hnen ah keng tlang i. Hetin “Nangmah in miuk kin per per sah tu i si” tiin ngen i.

Lian Awng in miuk per fangin Phalaam miuk Con Bik hnen ah Lian Awng in “Mirang te maithal pha ze i, ralkap minung khai tam ze i, neh bent uh lo i sing” tiin reel i. Ciamaan, Mirang te in Liang Awng heh Miuk per tuhin Ruai i. Lian Awng in “Con Bik raw tuh i. Ngalsip va tansak uk ngang” ti ai Miuk lang awng i. Cetin Liang Awng heh Zanniat Ram Miuk i.

Lian Awng in miuk kum 6 per ai 1900 AD kum ah a kum 90 fangin tar in thi i. Lian Awng thi fangin a fapa upa ber Naih Vum in miuk na per i.

Zanniat Ram Miuk Naih Vum:

Naih Vum heh Miuk Lian Awng le nu Khuang Siah te ai fapa upa ber i. Zanniat hin Rul Thang fanu Cawi Nuam thawn nai dun ai fanu 4; Sen Hngel, Hlawn Sia, le Bawi Hlum nai i. Fate a nai hnua ah nupui Cawi Nuam heh urhnawm ai phaar in thi te i. Cia hnua Naih Vum in Nuhnua hin Con Thang fanu Zun Bawi hoi leh i. Nu Zun Bawi thawn fate 3; Hlur Hmung, Lal Bik le Ngun Tial cawi i. 1900 AD fangin Naih Vum in Zanniat Ram Miuk per i.

Mirang te in hetin ngan i;

For good work done by Naih Vum and his father, the following villages were directly under him and he collects the Got tribute from these villages. He and his villages are still sub-ordinate to Falam and pay the Falam chief tribute.

Bellawi, Lati, Ngamual, Vazang, Bualkhua, Kulzam, Phaizawl, Zawlnu, Duhmang, Loibual, Parte, Zawlpi, Farkhawm, Lumbang, Simzawl, Tisen, Inral, Lungbum, Sialsih, Khawlei, Lunghrawh, Sihti.

The following villages pay dues to Falam chief as under:

Tisen, Duhmang, Zawlpi:                                  1 ½ grown mython every 3 years.

Bellawi, Hmunpi, Ngamual:                              140 saings of millet between the 3 villages every year.

In-ral, Sialsih, Sihti, Vazang, Zawlnu:     240 saings of millet between the five villages every year.

Bualkhua, Phaizawl, Farkhawm, Simzawl, Lungbum, Lati, Kulzam, Lumbang, Parte, Khawlei, Lunghraw:

2 saings of millet per house per annum.

W.Street

ASF, 1903

Naih Vum miuk per teng fangin a uk song mite in Phalaam le Acozah hnen ah Siah pe kuul maanin a uk song ai mi te in rim ze thu Balai (Falam) ai Vuanthok hnen ah thu hleng i. Ciamaan Mirang in hetin thu tan i:

On account of a serious dispute with the Tashon chief during the reigns of 1904, the Superintendents order that the Tashon chief were to have nothing to do with the villages under Naih Vum. That Naih Vum should see that the Tashon tribute was paid regularly and settle dispute and be responsible for the villages under him. And refer all matters direct to the Asst. Supt. Falam.

W.Street

ASF, 20.12.1904

1904 AD kum ah Mirang in Falam ah Tlawng dah i. Naih Vum in a fapa Hlur Hmung khiah heath tlawngkai ruai i. A rualpui tuhin Duh Hlei le Tai Lio te tlawngkai tuhin pom i. Hlur Hmung te kiiltu thin Naih Vum in Thang Cin ruai i. Thang Cin khai tlawngkai ve i. Thang Cin tu tlawng ah hla tlawm niu tlawngkai pah mi thawn tawng maanin tlawng in hnawt i. 1906 kum ah ABM te in Lumbang khua ah tlawng hong i. He tlawng ah Karen mi Po E heh zirhtu i. Miuk Naih Vum in Po E bawmtu tuhin Thang Cin ruai i. Ciamaan 5 September 1906 nia ah Thang Cin khiah Hakha ai umtu ABM Siangbawi Rev. A.E Carson in Siangsih tikhur ah Tinim i. Cia hna Lumbang ai Kawl tlawng heh Mirang te in com ruai leh i.

Naih Vum in Miuk per teng fangin Falam ai Vuanthok hnen ah Zanniat te in Siah Khuai pe tio hnak rimsu ze thu hleng maanin Phalaam miuk Van Hmung thinraw i. Phalaam (Tashon/Taisun) miuk Van Hmung le Kala pasal 1 thawn Lumbang khua ah feh ai Naih Vum thawn thu reel tlang i.

Lumbang khua ah Phalaam miuk Van Hmung in Zanniat miuk Naih Vum hnen ah hetin pong i. “Falam Vuanthok zung ai Cazi U San Thein hnen ah nawhthuh pe i si. Ciamaan Cazi U San Thein thawn bawm ai Tashon hnen ah Siah Khuai pe tuh loin thu  nai i si.” tiin hluuk i. Naih Vum in, “Aisu khai nawhthuh pe lo ing. Vuanthok hnen ah i uk song te Acuzah hnen ah le Tashon hnen ah Siah Khuai hmun hnih pe kuul maanin farah ze i, tiin reel ing” ti in sawn i.

Cia fangin Van Hmung in, “Ngam rori i sim? Siat ti ding tuh i sing” ti le Naih Vum in, “Ngam ing” ti i. Van Hmung in a hluuntu Kala hnen ah Naih Vum lai ah Sikha maat ruai i. Cen, Van Hmung in amah kenghnak zu laang nih song ai laang khat ding ruai ai, laang khat tu amah in ding i. Cia pah Van Hmung te heh tlung i.

Van Hmung te mualkhuum fangin Naih Vum ciah awk dek ai cia pah thil lio i. Van Hmung te Kiangpui hleng fangin Naih Vum inn an maithal saai ai darkhuang tum hnak aw za i. Naih Vum thi thu Van Hmung te in ling ve le Kiangpui ah thing vawng ai cia vum ah pon san tar ai Phalaam khua te lam in Naih Vum thi zo thu ling thil tuhin hmuh i. Cia nia heh 1908 February 27 nia i.